To Drive out Tyranny

"De Tyranny Verdryven"

So read the letters on the cross attached to a ribbon of red, white and blue vertical strips, abutted by a wide strip of orange and bordered by black.  On the bottom of the cross, below the torch, are the years 1940 and 1945...the years of occupation of Holland by the German Army.  It reads "To drive out tyranny".

This is the Resistance Memorial Medal, awarded to those who participated in the resistance against occupying forces in Dutch territories during World War II.  It was presented to my father in 1980, on the 35th anniversary of the Liberation of Holland.  It surfaced today, when my mother and I were rummaging through his desk.  I remember when he received it, and was proud of him (as I have been thoughout my life) at that time. 

Ironically, I never saw him wear it.   Not that he wasn't proud of what he did...far from it!  The stories he told me of those years were rife with the adventures one would associate with wartime, such as sneaking into railyards under the cover of darkness, opening up the gearboxes of locomotives and filling them with sand.  The trains would later grind to a halt...and become sitting ducks for Allied aircraft, or other resistance fighters who would open the cars and release prisoners on their way to the German camps.

This he did in secret, while working his job as an engineer with a large construction company. One day, on his way to work he was met by other resistance members.  He was told he could not go to his office...the Gestapo were waiting for him.  He couldn't go home either.  The Gestapo were there too, having discovered the radio he had hidden and used to receive messages.  With the clothes on his back, he was spirited away to the French border where French resistance fighters took him further south to the Canadian Army coming from Normandy.  He joined with the Canadians as they later liberated southern Holland.  That's also when he would meet the young woman who would become my mother.

My father passed on almost 13 years ago, and this year would be the 100th anniversary of his birthday.  I think of him often, and wonder about those years.  I also wonder if I would've had the courage to do the things he did, in the name of freedom...to drive out tyranny.  I'd like to think I would.

Thank you, Dad.


(For a related writing about my father, see: http://musingsbypaul.blogspot.com/2008/10/moment-at-edge-of-eternity.html)

Through the Lens...as it used to be.

All of you know I love photography.  Nothing is more relaxing to me than to wander, or hike, or even drive to out-of-the-way places with my camera and at least a couple of lenses in tow.  What you may not know is that I also like to collect vintage cameras.  It started some years ago, while perusing an antique store that I met my first acquisition.  Perhaps this is that first hit that led me to what some would consider a serious addiction.  Judging by the number of old cameras that now inhabit my room, various shelves elsewhere in the house...and even my office, one could legitimately say intervention may be in order. 

This is what started it all.  A Conley Junior folding camera, ca 1917.  It is one of the earliest roll film cameras.  The leather cover over the case is pretty beat up and the bellows has a lot of pinholes, so it's not well-suited to take any photos now.  I found it in an antique store near the Oregon coast.  (Conley Camera Company was founded in 1899 in Spring Valley, Minnesota, and the plant later moved to Rochester, MN.  Conley supplied cameras to the Sears Roebuck Co for many years during this era.)

This is one of my favorites, a Pony Premo No. 6 by the Eastman Kodak Company, between 1903 and 1906.  Also a folding/bellows-type of camera, this model uses 4-inch by 5-inch plates attached to the back of the camera.  Instead of a roll of film, the image seen through the lens is exposed on a dry plate coated with chemicals.  The plates are later taken to the studio for developing and fixing.  The Premo shown here has a magazine holding six plates.  It is also constructed mainly of wood with leather covering.  You can see the polished finish on the top of the front hinged plate, on which the bellows ride.

Another of my favorites,  the Auto Graflex Junior, made by the Folmer & Schwing Division of Eastman Kodak (Folmer & Schwing was founded in 1887 and was owned by Kodak from 1905 to 1926).  The Auto Graflex Junior was introduced in 1914.  This is one of the early versions of a reflex camera, with which one looks down and through the lens from the top via a mirror that flips up to expose the film when the shutter release is pressed.  It also features a focal plane shutter.  The film is a plate-type with a cartridge that clips on the back.  The lens retracts and the leather hood on top folds up and closes into a compact box about 8 inches in all directions.

This is an Ansco Speedex 4.5 Special folding camera, made by Agfa/Ansco in the early to mid 1950's.  Ansco is the merger of Anthony & Scovill in 1901.  Both companies predate Kodak by almost 40 years and are among the oldest photographic names in North America.  Agfa of Germany bought Ansco in 1920.  This camera was manufactured in Germany.  It's a medium format camera that produces larger negatives than the standard 35 mm film cameras.  (Larger negative size is comparable to modern digital cameras with higher pixel counts).  This camera has a roll of film in it, that's waiting for a good day to shoot.

Why the fascination with older cameras?  I think it's a reminder of when photography was more an art form that also involved science.  One had to know the principles of light and exposure, and an understanding of the relationship between aperture, shutter speeds and film speed was necessary...things that modern cameras with their computerized settings take care of for us.  The intricate mechanisms that control how fast the shutter opens, or how the film is developed, all without any electrical controls of any type are engineering marvels of its day.  They seem crude by modern standards, especially when I set my Nikon next to them.  Yet it could be argued that the images taken with those cameras tell of our history, our world, and the lives of those around us.  Photography documented much of the people...and the horrors of the Civil War, and later images by the likes of Dorothea Lange left us with stark images of the Great Depression.  

Today's images are so easy to obtain and so plentiful, they almost become cheap and routine.  Just look at an Ansel Adams photo and see the grandeur of nature.  Those images were few and far between, and it took a lot of hard work to capture them.  These old cameras help to remind me of those efforts and the artists behind them.

(I was tempted to seek out and copy some of those images onto this blog, but I don't want to run afoul of any copyright issues.  Instead I will add a couple of links for your perusal:
http://www.archives.gov/research/ansel-adams/
https://www.google.com/search?q=dorothea+lange&hl=en&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS439US439&prmd=imvnsob&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=mCCDT7ScB4Oq2QXxtrzoBg&ved=0CEQQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=897)